Tense In Hindi - English Grammar Definition, Types, Rules and Examples

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Tense In Hindi

Tense क्रिया के विभिन्न रूपों पर आधारित एक रचना है जो यह बतलाता है कि कोई काम या दशा (State) किस समय 'हो' रहा है, किस समय 'हुआ' या किस समय 'होगा'।
Ex :-
  • Sita is reading a novel (सीता उपन्यास पढ़ रही है।)
  • I went home. (मैं घर गया था)
  • Ram will go to Patna tomorrow. (राम कल पटना जायेगा।)
Tense In Hindi

Time के आधार पर Tense के तीन भेद होता है -
  1. Present Tense (वर्तमान मान) - जो वर्तमान की बात बतायें।
  2. Past Tense (भूतकाल ) जो बीते - समय की बात करें।
  3. Future Tense (भविष्यत काल) - जो भविष्य की बात करें।
पुनः एक ही काल में क्रिया की भिन्न-भिन्न अवस्थाओं को व्यक्त करने के लिए प्रत्येक Tense के चार-चार उपभेद है.
  1. Simple या Indefinite
  2. Continuous Progressive
  3. Perfect
  4. Perfect Continuous

Present Tense

इससे वर्तमान समय का बोध होता है और इसके चार भेद होते हैं :-

1. Present Indefinite
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम वर्तमान समय में सामान्य रूप से होता है। इसकी बनावट इस प्रकार होती है
S + V1 / V5 + O
S + is/am/are + complement
Present Indefinite
Uses
वर्तमान काल की आदतन क्रिया का बोध कराने के लिए इसका प्रयोग किया जाता है।
जैसे-
  • I play.
  • He reads.
  • He takes tea every morning.
  • He gets up before sunrise.
यदि किसी वाक्य में daily, everyday, always, regularly, once a week/month/year, twice a day week/month/year/ seldom, never, hardly, scarcely, usually, generally, sometimes, often इत्यादि शब्दों का प्रयोग समय का बोध कराने के लिए किया गया हो, तब उस वाक्य की क्रिया Present Indefinite Tense में होती है।
देखिए-
  • He always comes late. (✔)
  • He is always coming late. (✖)
  • He goes to school everyday. (✔)
  • He is going to school everyday. (✖)
  • The Children are going to school at 10 a.m. daily. (✖)
  • The Children go to school at 10 a.m. daily. (✔)

भविष्य (Future) की किसी निश्चित योजना को बतलाने के लिए भी Present Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
  • Gaurav goes to Bhagalpur on 10th February. (✔)
  • The institute reopens in March. (✔)

जब किसी वाक्य में भविष्य की दो घटनाओं का वर्णन हो, तो If, before, when, after, until, unless, as soon as, in case, till के बाद आने वाले clause को Present Indefinite Tense में रखा जाता है।
'देखिए-
  • If he will come here, I will help him. (✖)
  • If he comes here, I will help him. (✔)
  • Unless they will labour hard, they will not get good marks. (✖)
  • Unless they labour hard, they will not get good marks. (✔)
  • As soon as I will reach Patna, I will inform you. (✖)
  • As soon as I reach Patna, I will inform you. (✔)

⇒ Universal Truth के लिए भी Present Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • The earth is moving round the sun. (✖)
  • The earth moves round the sun. (✔)
  • The sun rose in the east and set in the west. (✖)
  • The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (✔)

इस Tense का प्रयोग वर्तमान के विचारों (thoughts), स्थिति (state), दशा (condition), भावनाओं (feelings) को बतलाने के लिए भी किया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • I feel tired. (✔)
  • She looks beautiful. (✔)
  • We are surprised to see her here. (✔)

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:
S + V1/V5 + O
  • He works in Patna.
  • Sita learns English.
  • Neha teaches them.
  • We live in Delhi.

Negative:
S + do not/does not + V1 + O
  • He does not work in Patna.
  • Sita does not learn English.
  • Neha does not teach them.
  • We do not live in Delhi.

Interrogative:
Do/Does + S + V1 + O?

Does he work in Patna?
Does Sita learn English?
Does Neha teach them?
Do We live in Delhi?

Interrogative - Negative:
Do/Does + S + not + V1 + O?
  • Does he not work in Patna?
  • Does Sita not learn English?
  • Does Neha not teach them?
  • Do we not live in Delhi?

Wh-Question:
Wh-word + do/does + S + V1 + O?
  • Why does he work in Patna?
  • Why does Sita learn English?
  • When does Neha teach them?
  • How do we live in Delhi?
  • Wh-words: why, when, how, which etc.

2. Present Continuous
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम वर्तमान काल में जारी है। इसकी बनावट इस प्रकार होती है-
S + is/am/are + V4
जैसे-
  • He is reading.
  • I am playing.
  • They are doing this work.

Uses
⇒ बोलने के समय जारी रहने वाली क्रिया के लिए-
यदि किसी वाक्य में now/these days/at present/at this moment शब्द का प्रयोग समय का बोध कराने के लिए किया गया हो, तब उस वाक्य की क्रिया Present Continuous Tense में होती है।
देखिए-
  • He is reading now. (✔)
  • He reads now. (✖)
  • They are not taking milk these days. (✔)
  • They do not take milk these days. (✖)
  • My son is learning English these days. (✔)
  • My son learns English these days. (✖)

⇒ निकट भविष्य की निश्चित योजना को बतलाने के लिए भी Present Continuous Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता  है।
देखिए-
  • Sri Laloo Yadav is going to Delhi tonight. (✔)
  • We are seeing the director tomorrow. (✔)
  • I am going to Buxar tomorrow morning. (✔)

⇒ चिड़चिड़ापन (irritation) तथा नाराजगी (annoyance) बतलाने के लिए भी Present Continuous Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • She is always complaining. (✔)
  • Golu's mother is always wanting money for new series. (✔)

⇒ निम्नलिखित verbs का प्रयोग Continuous Tense में सामान्यतया नहीं किया जाता है-
See, hear, recognize, smell, taste, seem, appear, look, love, wish, mean, suppose, consist, comprise, belong, resemble, need, dare.
देखिए-
  • I am seeing they do not read. (✖)
  • I see they do not read. (✔)
  • He is feeling that he will get good marks. (✖)
  • He feels that he will get good marks. (✔)
  • I am thinking he has done well. (✖)
  • I think he has done well. (✔)
  • It is appearing to be true. (✖)
  • It appears to be true. (✔)
  • These questions are appearing to be difficult. (✖)
  • These questions appear to be difficult. (✔)

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:
S + is/am/are + V4 + O
  • They are watching television now.
  • Payal is singing now.
  • Babloo is laughing.
  • We are writing.

Negative:
S + is/am/are + not + V4 + O
They are not watching television now.
Payal is not singing now.
Babloo is not laughing.
We are not writing.

Interrogative:
Is/am/are + S + V4 + O?
  • Are they watching television now?
  • Is Payal singing now?
  • Is Babloo laughing?
  • Are we writing a book?

Interrogative-Negative:
Is/am/are+ S + not + V4 + O?
  • Are they not watching television now?
  • Is Payal not singing now?
  • Is Babloo not laughing?
  • Are we not writing?

Wh-Question:
Wh-word + is/am/are + S + V4 + O?
  • Why are they watching television now?
  • Why is Payal singing now?
  • Why is Babloo laughing?
  • Why are we writing a book?

3. Present Perfect
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम वर्तमान काल में अर्थात् अभी-अभी समाप्त हुआ है। इसकी बनावट इस प्रकार होती है-
S + have/has + V3 + O
देखिए-
  • I have not finished my work yet. (✔)
  • I am not finishing my work yet. (✖)

Uses
⇒ यदि किसी वाक्य में so far, up to now, lately, recently, just, already या yet का प्रयोग समय का बोध कराने के लिए किया गया हो, तब उस वाक्य की क्रिया Present Perfect Tense में होती है। परन्तु इनके प्रयोग में अन्तर है। yet का प्रयोग 'अभी तक' का बोध कराने के लिए Present Perfect Tense वाले नकारात्मक वाक्यों के अन्त में किया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • He has not come yet. (✔)
परन्तु, just और already का प्रयोग Present Perfect Tense वाले सकारात्मक वाक्यों की सहायक क्रिया और मुख्य क्रिया के बीच में किया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • I have just finished my work. (✔)
  • I just have finished my work. (✖)
  • He has already come. (✔)
  • He already has come. (✖)
  • just left the class. (✔)
  • He just has left the class. (✖)

⇒ Past Time में सम्पन्न हुए कार्य का प्रभाव वर्तमान में हो, तो Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • I have seen the Taj Mahal. (✔)
  • They have visited Kashmir twice. (✔)
  • Rashmi has passed the Board Examination. (✔)

⇒ Present Perfect Continuous के अर्थ में भी Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • Manjit has lived in Patna for five years. (✔)
  • Amit has worked in this company since 1995. (✔)
  • Mr. Sujeet has taught in this college for a long time. (✔)
पुनः,
  • Manjit has been living in Patna for five years. (✔)
  • Mr. Sujeet has been teaching in this college for a long time. (✔)

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:
S + has/have+ V3 + O
  • Anwar has sold his car.
  • They have filed a petition.
  • Rakhi has helped me.
  • We have taught them.

Negative:

S + has/have+ not + V3 + O
  • Anwar has not sold his car.
  • They have not filed a petition.
  • Rakhi has not helped me.
  • We have not taught them.

Interrogative:
Has/have + S + V3 + O?
  • Has Anwar sold his car?
  • Have they filed a petition?
  • Has Rakhi helped me?
  • Have we taught them?

Interrogative-Negative:
Has/have + S + not + V3 + O?
  • Has Anwar not sold his car.?
  • Have they not filed a petition?
  • Has Rakhi not helped me?
  • Have we not taught them?

Wh-Question:
Wh-word + has/have + S + V3 + O?
  • When has Anwar sold his car?
  • Why have they filed a petition?
  • How has Rakhi helped me?
  • When have we taught them?

4. Present Perfect Continuous
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम भूतकाल में शुरू होकर वर्तमान काल में जारी है। जैस वह दो घंटे से पढ़ रहा है।
इस प्रकार के वाक्यों की बनावट निम्न प्रकार होती है-
S + has been/have been + V4 + O + for/since + time
जैसे-
  • He has been doing this work for two hours. (✔)
  • He is doing this work for two hours. (✖)
  • She has been singing a song since morning. (✔)
  • She is singing a song since morning. (✖)

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:

S + has/have + been + V4.....+ (for/since + time)
  • They have been working for five days.
  • He has been singing since morning.
  • Rashmi and Jyoti have been learning English for two hours.
  • She has been teaching them since 4 P.M.

Negative:
S + has/have + not + been + V4 .......+ (for/since + time)
  • They have not been working for five days.
  • He has not been singing since morning.
  • Rashmi and Jyoti have not been learning English for two hours.
  • She has not been teaching them since 4 P.M.

Interrogative:
Has/have + S + been + V4 +......+ (for/since + time)?
  • Have they been working for five days?
  • Has he been singing since morning?
  • Have Rashmi and Jyoti been learning English for two hours?
  • Has she been teaching them since 4 P.M?

Interrogative-Negative:
Has/have + S + not + been + V4 +.....+ (for/since + time)?
  • Have they not been working for five days?
  • Has he not been singing since morning?
  • Have Rashmi and Jyoti not been learning English for two hours?
  • Has she not been teaching them since 4 P.M?

Wh-Question:
Wh-word + has/have + S + been + V4.... + (for/since + time) + ?

Why have they been working for five days?
Why has he been singing since morning?
Why have Rashmi and Jyoti been learning English for two hours?
Why has she been teaching them since 4 P.M?

Past Tense

इससे भूतकाल का बोध होता है और इसके चार भेद होते हैं।

1. Past Indefinite
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम भूतकाल में सामान्य रूप से हुआ। जैसे- मैंने खाया।
इसकी बनावट इस प्रकार होती है।
S + V2 + O
जैसे-
  • I ate.
  • He did this work.

Uses
⇒ यदि किसी वाक्य में ago, yesterday, last week, last month, last year, Monday last, in 2002 इत्यादि शब्दों का प्रयोग समय का बोध कराने के लिए किया गया हो, तब उस वाक्य की क्रिया Past Indefinite Tense में होती है।
देखिए -
  • Manoj came here yesterday. (✔)
  • Manoj has come here yesterday. (✖)
  • He did not complete his work last night. (✔)
  • He has not completed his work last night. (✖)

⇒ Past Time के Habitual Action (आदतन क्रिया) को बतलाने के लिए Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Past Time की आदत बतलाने के लिए सामान्यतया निम्नलिखित शब्दों का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
  • Often, always, daily, every day / week / month / year etc.
देखिए-
  • Deepak always came late. (✔)
  • Manjit often invited me to dinner. (✔)
नोट- Past की habit बतलाने के लिए Used to का भी प्रयोग किया जाता है।
  • I used to walk in the morning. (✔)
  • Alok used to take milk daily. (✔)

⇒ Past time की दो साथ-साथ होने वाली क्रिया को बतलाने के लिए Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • She cooked while the children played. (✔)
  • She was cooking while the children played. (✖)

⇒ जब Past Time की कोई जारी रहने वाली क्रिया के बीच कोई दूसरी घटना घटी हो, तो दूसरी घटना को Past Indefinite Tense में बनाया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • When we were sleeping, Ashish came. (✔)
  • When we were sleeping, Ashish was coming. (✖)
  • When Babita was watching T.V., her father arrived. (✔)
  • When Babita was watching T.V., her father was arriving. (✖)

⇒ Present Time Unfulfilled desire/ wish / condition को बतलाने के लिए If / If only / As if / I wish / As Though / It is time आदि के साथ भी Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
देखिए-
It is time we went there. (✔)
It is time we go there. (✖)
I wish I were a king. (✔)
I wish I would be a king. (✖)
He speaks as if he were the C.M. of Bihar. (✔)
He speaks as if he is the C.M. of Bihar. (✖)

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:
S + V2 + O
S + was/were + complement
  • She came yesterday.
  • Pintoo left for Kolkata last night.
  • They invited her.
  • The police caught the thief.

Negative:
S + did not + V1 + O
  • She did not come yesterday.
  • Pintoo did not leave for Kolkata last night.
  • They did not invite her.
  • The police did not catch the thief.

Interrogative:
Did + S + V1 + O?
  • Did She come yesterday?
  • Did Pintoo leave for Kolkata last night?
  • Did they invite her?
  • Did the police catch the thief?

Interrogative-Negative:
Did + S + not + V1 + O?
  • Did She not come yesterday?
  • Did Pintoo not leave for Kolkata last night?
  • Did they not invite her?
  • Did the police not catch the thief?

Wh-Question:
Wh-word + did + S + V1 + O?
  • Why did She come yesterday?
  • When did Pintoo leave for Kolkata last night?
  • Why did they invite her?
  • When did the police catch the thief?

2. Past Continuous
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम भूतकाल में जारी था। इसकी बनावट इस प्रकार होती है-
S + was/were + V4 + O
जैसे-
  • He was reading,
  • They were playing.

Uses

⇒ यदि किसी वाक्य में then/those days शब्द का प्रयोग समय का बोध कराने के लिए किया गया हो, तब उस वाक्य की क्रिया Past continuous Tense में होती है।
देखिए-
  • He was reading then. (✔)
  • He is reading then. (✖)
  • Rakhi and Ruby are playing cricket those days. (✖)
  • Rakhi and Ruby were playing cricket those days. (✔)

⇒ Past Time की दो साथ-साथ जारी रहने वाली क्रिया को बतलाने के लिए Past continuous Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • While my daughter was singing, I was writing. (✔)
  • While my daughter was singing, I wrote. (✖)
  • While my daughter sang, I was writing. (✖)

⇒ Past Time gradual (उत्तरोत्तर) increase/decrease को बतलाने के लिए grow, get, become के साथ Past continuous Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
देखिए -
  • She was becoming taller and taller. (✔)
  • She became taller and taller. (✖)

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:
S + was/were + V4 + O
  • Rakhi and Ruby were washing their clothes.
  • Dhananjay was working hard.
  • The car was running fast.
  • We were discussing the problem.

Negative:
S + was/were + not + V4 + O
  • Rakhi and Ruby were not washing their clothes.
  • Dhananjay was not working hard.
  • The car was not running fast.
  • We were not discussing the problems.

Interrogative:
Was/were + S + V4 + O?
  • Were Rakhi and Ruby washing their clothes?
  • Was Dhananjay working hard?
  • Was the car running fast?
  • Were we discussing the problems?

Interrogative-Negative:

Was/were + S + not + V4 + O?
  • Were Rakhi and Ruby not washing their clothes?
  • Was Dhananjay not working hard?
  • Was the car not running fast?
  • Were we not discussing the problems?

Wh-Question:
Wh-word + was/were + S + V4 + O?
  • When were Rakhi and Ruby washing their clothes?
  • Why was Dhananjay working hard?
  • Why was the car running fast?
  • When were we discussing the problems?

3. Past Perfect
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम भूतकाल में हुआ था।
जैसे- मैंने पढ़ा था।
बनावट: S + had + V3 + O
परन्तु यदि कोई वाक्य Past Perfect Tense में अकेला है, अर्थात् वाक्य में एक Subject और एक Verb का प्रयोग किया गया है, तब उस वाक्य की क्रिया Past Indefinite Tense में होती है।

Uses
⇒ यदि वाक्य में दो भागों का सम्बन्ध भूतकाल के साथ है और ऐसे वाक्य के दोनों भाग before या after के द्वारा जुड़े हुए हैं, तब वाक्य के जिस भाग की क्रिया पहले होती है, उस भाग के साथ हम Past Perfect Tense का प्रयोग करते हैं और जिस भाग की क्रिया बाद में होती है, उसके साथ हम Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग करते हैं।
जैसे-
  • मेरे आने के पहले वह चला गया (था)।
  • उसके जाने के बाद मैं आया (था)।

यदि ऐसे वाक्यों के दोनों भाग before के द्वारा जुड़े हों, तब वाक्य के जिस भाग की क्रिया Past Indefinite Tense में होती है, उसका प्रयोग हम before के बाद करते हैं।
देखिए-
  • He had gone before I came. (✔)
  • He went before I had come. (✖)

परन्तु, यदि वाक्यों के दोनों भाग after के द्वारा जुड़े हों, तब वाक्य के जिस भाग की क्रिया Past Indefinite Tense में होती है, उस भाग का प्रयोग हम after के पहले करते हैं और जिस भाग की क्रिया Past Perfect Tense में होती है उसका प्रयोग हम after के बाद करते हैं।
देखिए -
  • I came after he had gone. (✔)
  • I came after he went. (✖)

उसके जाने के पहले मैं आ गया था ।
  • I had come before he went. (✔)
  • I had come before he had gone. (✖)

⇒ यदि वाक्य के दोनों भागों का सम्बन्ध भूतकाल के साथ हो और वाक्य के एक भाग के पहले किसी शर्त (if) का प्रयोग किया गया हो, तब वाक्य के जिस भाग के पहले शर्त का प्रयोग किया जाता है, उस भाग की क्रिया Past Perfect Tense में होती है और वाक्य के दूसरे भाग के साथ सहायक क्रिया के रूप में would have तथा मुख्य क्रिया के रूप में V3 का प्रयोग किया जाता है। इसे Unreal Past Condition कहा जाता है। ऐसे वाक्यों की बनावट इस प्रकार होती है।

If + S + had + V3, S + would have + V3 + other words

देखिए-
  • If you had worked hard, you would have passed the examination. (✔)
  • You would have passed the examination if you had worked hard.  (✔)
  • If you would have worked hard, you had passed the exam. (✖)
  • If he came, I would have taught him. (✖)
  • If he had come, I would have taught him. (✔)
  • If I had known his house, I would met him. (✖)
  • If I had known his house, I would have met him. (✔)

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:
S + had + V3 + O
  • He had eaten.
  • Soni had arrived.
  • They had broken the glass.

Negative:
S + had + not + V3 + O
  • He had not eaten.
  • Soni had not arrived.
  • They had not broken the glass.

Interrogative:
Had + S + V3 + O?
  • Had Soni arrived?
  • Had they broken the glass?

Interrogative-Negative:
Had + S + not + V3 + O?
  • Had he not eaten?
  • Had Soni not arrived ?
  • Had they not broken the glass?

Wh-Question:
Wh-word + had + S + V3 + O?
  • Why had he eaten?
  • When had Soni arrived ?
  • Why had they broken the glass?

4. Past Perfect Continuous
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम भूतकाल में शुरू होकर कुछ समय तक जारी रहने के बाद भूतकाल में ही समाप्त हो गया।
जैसे-
वह दो घंटे से पढ़ रहा था।

बनावट: S + had been + V4 + O + for/since + time

देखिए-
  • He had been reading since morning. (✔)
  • He was reading since morning. (✖)
  • They had been dancing for two hours. (✔)
  • They were dancing for two hours. (✔)
  • At that time she had been sleeping for seven hours. (✔)
  • At that time she was sleeping for seven hours. (✖)

Future Tense

इससे भविष्यत्काल का बोध होता है और इसके भी चार भेद होते हैं।

1. Future Indefinite
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम भविष्य काल में सामान्य रूप से होगा। इसकी बनावट इस प्रकार है-

S + shall/will + V1 + O
जैसे -
  • I shall play He will do this work.

Uses
⇒ यदि किसी वाक्य में tomorrow, next year, next month, next week इत्यादि शब्दों का प्रयोग समय का बोध कराने के लिए किया गया हो, तब उस वाक्य की क्रिया सामान्यतः Future Indefinite Tense में होती है।
देखिए-
  • He will take his examination next year. (✔)
  • He took his examination next year. (✖)

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:
S + shall/will + V1 + O
  • Navneet will come.
  • They will run.
  • We shall sleep.
  • You will write.

Negative:
S + shall/will + not + V1 + O
  • Navneet will not come.
  • They will not run.
  • We shall not sleep.
  • You will not write

Interrogative:
Shall/will+ S + V1 + O?
  • Will Navneet come?
  • Will they run?
  • Shall We sleep?
  • Will You write?

Wh-Question:
Wh-word + will/shall + S + V1 + O?
  • When will Navneet come?
  • Why will they run?
  • Why shall we sleep?
  • When will you write?

2. Future Continuous
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम भविष्य काल में जारी रहेगा।
जैसे-
  • मैं पढ़ता रहूँगा।
S + shall be/will be + V4 + O
जैसे-
  • I shall be reading. (✔)
  • He will be doing this work. (✔)

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:
S + shall/will+ be + V4 + O
  • I shall be writing.
  • We shall be making a picture.
  • Sheetu will be singing.
  • You will be reading.

Negative:
S + shall/will + not + be + V4 + O
  • I shall not be writing.
  • We shall not be making a picture.
  • Sheetu will not be singing.
  • You will not be reading.

Interrogative:
Shall/will+ S + be + V4 + O?
  • Shall I be writing?
  • Shall we be making a picture?
  • Will Sheetu be singing?
  • Will you be reading?

Interrogative-Negative:
Shall/will+ S + not + be + V4 + O?
  • Shall I not be writing?
  • Shall we not be making a picture?
  • Will Sheetu not be singing?
  • Will you not be reading?

Wh-Question:

Interrogative:
Wh-word + Shall/will + S + be + V4 + O?

  • When shall I be writing?
  • How shall we be making a picture?
  • Why will Sheetu be singing?
  • When will you be reading?

3. Future Perfect
इससे यह बोध होता है कि कोई काम भविष्य काल में किसी निर्धारित अवधि में समाप्त हो चुकेगा।
जैसे-
  • मैं आठ बजे तक यह काम समाप्त कर चुकूँगा।

बनावट: S+ shall have / will have + V3 + by + time

जैसे-
  • I shall have finished this work by eight O'clock.

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:
S + shall/will + have + V3 + O
  • Mritunjay will have helped Sanjay by next month.
  • You will have written that book by next week.
  • Suman will have taught them by tomorrow morning.
  • I shall have finished this work by tomorrow evening.

Negative:
S + shall/will + not + have + V3 + O
  • Mritunjay will not have helped Sanjay by next month.
  • You will not have written that book by next week.
  • Suman will not have taught them by tomorrow morning.
  • I shall not have finished this work by tomorrow morning.

Interrogative:
Shall/will+ S + have + V3 + O?
  • Will Mritunjay have helped Sanjay by next month?
  • Will you have written that book by next week?
  • Will Suman have taught them by tomorrow morning?
  • Shall I have finished this work by tomorrow evening?

Interrogative-Negative:
Shall/will + S + not + have + V3 + O?
  • Will Mritunjay not have helped Sanjay by next month?
  • Will you not have written that book by next week?
  • Will Suman not have taught them by tomorrow morning?
  • Shall I not have finished this work by tomorrow evening?

Wh-Question:
Wh-word + Shall/will + S + have + V3 + O?

  • Why will Mritunjay have ......?
  • How will you have ......?

Note (1): यदि वाक्य के दो भागों का सम्बन्ध Future Tense के साथ हो और वाक्य के एक भाग के पहले किसी शर्त if, when, unless (अगर नहीं), until (जबतक) इत्यादि का प्रयोग किया गया हो, तब वाक्य के जिस भाग के पहले शर्त का प्रयोग किया जाता है, उस भाग की क्रिया Present Indefinite Tense में होती है और वाक्य के दूसरे भाग के साथ हम Future Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग करते हैं।
देखिए-
  • If you work hard, you will pass the examination. (✔)
  • If you will work hard, you will pass the examination. (✖)
  • I shall not go until he comes. (✔)
  • I shall not go until he will come. (✖)

Note (2): कुछ वाक्यों से यह बोध होता है कि किसी काम को करने के लिए वाक्य के Subject पर कोई दबाव पड़ रहा है।
जैसे-
  • मुझे पढ़ना है।
  • मुझे पढ़ना था।
  • मुझे पढ़ना पड़ेगा।

वर्तमान काल के ऐसे वाक्यों की बनावट इस प्रकार होती है-
S + have/has + to + V1
देखिए-
  • I have to read. (✔)
  • He has to do this work. (✖)

भूतकाल में ऐसे वाक्यों की बनावट क्रिया इस प्रकार होती है-
S + had + to + V1
देखिए-
  • I had to go to Patna. (✔)
  • He had to do this work. (✔)

भविष्य काल में ऐसे वाक्यों की बनावट इस प्रकार होती है-
S + shall have / will have + to + V1
देखिए-
  • I shall have to go to Patna. (✔)
  • He will have to do this work. (✔)

Note (3): कुछ वाक्यों से यह बोध होता है कि किसी काम का होना वाक्य के Subject की इच्छा पर निर्भर करता है।
जैसे-
  • मैं पढ़ने वाला हूँ।
  • वह पटना जाने वाला था।

वर्तमान काल में ऐसे वाक्यों की बनावट इस प्रकार होती है-
S + is/am/are + to + V1
देखिए-
  • I am to read. (✔)
  • He is to come. (✔)

भूतकाल में ऐसे वाक्यों की बनावट इस प्रकार होती है।
S + was / were + to + V1
देखिए-
  • He was to go to Patna. (✔)
  • Ram was to teach me. (✔)

4. Future Perfect Continuous
इस Tense का प्रयोग ऐसी क्रियाओं को बतलाने के लिए किया जाता है, जो Future में किसी निश्चित समय तक जारी रहेंगे।
सामान्यतः इस Tense के साथ by + time expression का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
देखिए-
  • By the end of this month they will have been studying here for two years.
  • By next August they will have been working for this company for ten years.

STRUCTURES:

Affirmative:
S + shall/will + have + been + V4 + O
  • I shall have been teaching them.
  • She will have been learning music.

Negative:
S + shall/will + not + have + been + V4 + O
  • I shall not have been teaching them.
  • She will not have been learning music.

Interrogative:
Shall/will + S + have + been + V4 + O?
  • Shall I have been teaching them?
  • Will she have been learning music?

Interrogative-Negative:
Shall/will + S + not + have + been + V4 + O?
  • Shall I not have been teaching them?
  • Will she not have been learning music?

Wh-Question:
Wh-word + Shall / will + S + have + been + V4 + O?
  • When shall I have been teaching them?
  • When will she have been learning music?
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